ISLAMIC. Circa AH 2nd-4th century / AD 8th-10th century. Seal (Lead, 16 mm, 1.47 g, 12 h), with a string hole. In two lines: …-mad [ibn] …-mad (‘…mad son of …mad’ in Arabic); Arabic marginal legend arranged in a square format. Rev. Arabic legend in one central line; Arabic marginal legend arranged in a square format. A very attractive and unusual Islamic seal with refined calligraphy and a distinctive square marginal layout. Broken in half along the central channel, otherwise, good very fine.


The obverse preserves a partially legible personal name ending in …-mad ibn …-mad, indicating a patronymic construction and most likely involving common names such as Muḥammad or Aḥmad, although the full reading remains uncertain.