Septimius Severus, 193-211. Aureus (Gold, 20 mm, 7.26 g, 6 h), Rome, 193. IMP CAE•L•SEP•SE-V•PERT•AVG Laureate head of Septimius Severus to right. Rev. LIBERA-L•A-VG•COS Liberalitas standing facing, head to left, holding counting-board in her right hand and cornucopiae in her left. BMC 1 and pl. 5, 16 (same obverse die). Calicó 2475. Cohen 280. RIC 18. A sharply struck and very well centered example with an excellent portrait. Very light die wear, otherwise, extremely fine.


Septimius Severus, born in 146 in Leptis Magna, was an ambitious North African who rose through the ranks under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. From 191 to 193, he served as governor of the important province of Pannonia Superior, commanding three legions. After the downfall of Commodus and Pertinax, Severus was proclaimed emperor by the Danube legions in 193 and swiftly marched on Rome. He replaced the discredited Praetorian Guard with loyal soldiers from his frontier legions, signaling a shift in power from Italy to the provinces.

This transition is reflected in his early coinage, such as this beautiful aureus, which features the personification of Liberalitas. This symbolizes the emperor’s generosity, particularly towards his soldiers, rewarding their loyalty with increased pay and donativa. While Liberalitas could also refer to the provision of grain to the people, on this coin, it almost certainly highlights Severus' commitment to his troops. The coin’s wonderful portrait also emphasizes Severus' individuality, showcasing a more lifelike and distinct image compared to the idealized later depictions.